Blockchain – Artist’s Impression
Aave is a decentralized lending exchange which converts digital assets into cash at a blockchain address and allows borrowing or lending by its users from the liquidity of its digital assets.
Every cryptocurrency account has a public and private key that when used together, allows you to access your digital assets/cryptocurrency. So the account is actually referring to the keypair of private and public keys on the distributed file system.
Bitcoin is fundamentally flawed when it comes to transactions (1 transaction per 6 hours) and Ethereum, while usable for some use-cases, is also not practical due to its slow speed to finality. Algorand solves these problems and provides a crypto platform that is practical for many applications to speed, scale, finality, and throughput.
Any crypto other than Bitcoin is an Altcoin, or 'Alternative coin'.
An mechanism coded in software that allows different systems to transparently work with each other. There are APIs for practically everything on the Metaverse and the Internet.
Most algorithms run through compilation and execution on a microprocessor, which is an general-purpose integrated circuit at the fundamental level. Some applications like Bitcoin mining are dependent upon the execution speed of the miners. To speed up Bitcoin mining, there is an entire family of Mining (Application) Specific Integrated Circuits which are the fastest possible way to mine Bitcoin. Most bitcoin mining is done in cold countries like Iceland or Norway because the ASICs when operating generate too much heat which is too expensive to cool using traditional methods.
Avalanche is the one of the fastest smart contracts platforms available and is used to enable frictionless interoperability between cryptocurrencies, for e.g. using smart contracts that run on its own altcoin (AVAX) and any other cryptosystem in the world.
Binance ExChange – largest in the world
Binance is the largest cryptocurrency exchange in the world in terms of daily trading volume of cryptocurrencies.
Bitcoin is the first and most widely recognized cryptocurrency. In June 2021, El Salvador became the first country to mandate Bitcoin as legal tender.
A blockchain is a sort of distributed and decentralized database that runs on a network of host computers that are referred to as nodes through crypto exchange development services. Blockchains are used in cryptocurrency transactions. The algorithms that are not centralized make it possible to be independent of traditional banks and the traditional financial system, which is centralized and rather costly. The ability of the consensus method to function in a manner that is both error-free and transparent is made possible by the fact that it is distributed.
A blockchain is a decentralised distributed database that runs on a network of host computer nodes. The decentralized algorithms allow independence from traditional banks and traditional finance which is centralised and expensive in comparison. Being distributed allows the consensus algorithm to be transparently error-free. The database may consist of the entire history of transactions hashed with each other uniquely entirely on one single node (Bitcoin) or shards or small parts of it to be stored on each computer and distributed algorithms used to finalize and achieve consensus using private key infrastructure for security on the distributed ntwork. What is consensus? See Consensus, below.
Before Java, computer software was platform-dependent, i.e, different according to whether it was a Linux, Windows, Mac, or other OSes (like Symbian, Android, etc). The creators of the Java Programming Language created a Virtual Machine that could be run on every single platform. Thus a Java program which compiled on the VM could be run (with subtle differences) on every platform with a Java Virtual Machine (JVM). The native language for the JVM was bytecode, similar to how assembly language is used on Intel PCs. Ethereum took this concept and created the EVM (Ethereum Virtual Machine) which can run on any supported distributed platform (EVMs are run on distributed systems alone, not single machines). The native language of the EVM is also called bytecode, since the conceptual mechanism is so similar (with minor differences) to the Java Programming Language.
According to some sources, "The Byzantium fork was an update to Ethereum's primary blockchain, implemented in October 2017 at block 4,370,000. It consisted of eight Ethereum Improvement Protocols (EIPs) designed to improve Ethereum's privacy, scalability, and security attributes." Before we explain that, we need to know what a fork is. A fork in crypto is a branch from the initial blockchain to another blockchain with different protocols. This is done to upgrade old blockchains and make them better in some critical way. The fork can be a hard fork (incompatible with the original blockchain) or a soft fork (compatible with the original). These days, nearly every single platform is engineered carefully to allow changes in governance and completely eliminate any reason to fork the blockchain (the original is merely updated in some secure customizable or amendable way instead). Tezos is a good example of this design principle.
Consensus Mechanisms
Cardano is a public decentralized blockchain that is similar to other blockchain systems except for two concepts - identity proof and traceability. A transaction done on Cardano is completely transparent with regard to the sender and the recipient, and the route that each coin has taken to reach its current position in the Cardano blockchain.
This is, perhaps, the most centralized part of the blockchain. A certificate authority is a centralized system that verifies and matches public keys to private keys thus verifying multiple digital signatures and replacing financial institutions.
ChainLink network is one of the most widely used systems for powering hybrid smart contracts, ensuring interoperability between different blockchains safely and securely. Already billions of dollars run on some of the most common dApps that use ChainLink. To know what a dApp is, see dApp.
Consensus is how a blockchain operates internally to finalize transactions and add them securely to the blockchain(verification process). There are multiple consensus mechanisms available that have various advantages and disadvantages. Hedera platform actually has Consensus-As-A-Service for other blockchain systems. Otherwise, the majorly used consensus mechanisms are:
Proof of Work, as found in the bitcoin blockchain, requires that all miners compete in a race against time to be the first miner to reach a solution to a mathematical hashing problem. Every miner thus implements the same computation. This is hugely redundant and wasteful, and an environmental disaster. In September 2021, it was estimated that bitcoin mining worldwide consumes around "91 terawatt-hours of electricity annually. That's more annual electricity use than all of Finland, which is a country of 5.5 million people" (according to the magazine Businesss Insider as on that date). Thus the Proof of Work (PoW) consensus mechanism is incredibly inefficient when used to validate transactions.
ConsortiumThis is a much more environmentally friendly way to achieve consensus, and is one of the most common consensus algorithms used. The nodes with the greatest number of tokens or coins decide mathematically with a quick validation which new data has to be added or 'finalized' into blockchain storage, and receive some monetary reward for their validation. The miners are also called Validators.
These are new forms of consensus that in the case of Proof of Authority, delegate the consensus to centralized admin nodes, and in the case of Proof of Importance, considers not one how many coins each node holds but also their transactions history comparison.
These are the types of consensus used by R3 Corda designed for financial use-cases which for proof of identity, check the hashes from every node to verify the identity of the transaction, and proof of validity, which checks the rule of inference to confirm whether each node is authorized entity for the validity of this transaction, very similar to Proof of Stake (PoS).
A consortium is a private group of companies that manage or dictate democratically the operation of a (usually) private blockchain.
R3’s Corda is a blockchain system specially built to facilitate financial use-cases and the traditional permissions and regulations required by finance companies.
According to Wikipedia, "A cryptocurrency, crypto-currency, or crypto is a digital currency designed to work as a medium of exchange through a computer network that is not reliant on any central authority, such as a government or bank, to uphold or maintain it. Individual coin ownership records are stored in a digital ledger, which is a computerized database using strong cryptography to secure transaction records, to control the creation of additional coins, and to verify the transfer of coin ownership." This definition from Wikipedia is perhaps one of the most comprehensive and explanatory definitions found on the Internet.
Cryptography is the art of encoding and decoding sensitive data using various standard algorithms for the purpose of keeping data secret and unknown to everyone except the entities that do the encoding/decoding. It is a branch of computer science, and is one of the foundational pillars of cryptocurrency. Indeed, the security of the cryptocurrency relies upon the strength of the underlying cryptographic algorithms. Cryptography also involves a hashing algorithm (a one-way function with an infinite number of possible inputs per single output) , which is at the very heart of crypto-ledger storage and underlying distributed ledger technology (DLT).
DeFI – the economy of the future is here
A Decentralized Autonomous Organization is a highly versatile and secure system built around various participants in the crypto industry that agree to predefined protocols for interaction that lead to an increase in a cryptocurrency resource. The first DAO was, unsurprisingly, called The DAO.
The property of an algorithm or a protocol that transfers the verification methods for validity from a central organization to a distributed set of computing nodes.
An open source software system for a definite and specific purpose that is built on a cryptoledger or a blockchain.
A DEX is a crypto exchange that has no central control but is instead built around P2P protocols that enable accurate, reliable, verifiable, validatory exchange of crypto-assets / security tokens / NFTs, and cryptocurrency.
Decentralized finance, also known as DeFi, uses cryptocurrency to decentralize financial applications through blockchain technology.
A directed graph (a mathematical data structure consisting of a set of vertices and directed edges connecting the vertices) that has no cycles. In one way or another, most decentralized systems / blockchains are based on a DAG data structures.
A malicious attempt to spend the same token for two different transactions at the same time. Before Bitcoin, every distributed ledger had no known way to solve the double spending problem. The pseudononymous 'Satoshi Nakumoto's Bitcoin research paper published in 2008 and the blockchain open source software system released anonymously in 2010 was the first DLT to completely solve the double spend attack for digital transactions.
Selling a cryptocurrency / blockchain coin en masse (by a hugely massive number of entities) that causes a devaluation of that cryptocurrency.
Hackers can flood a blockchain network with very small transaction values and thus slow it down due to a problem with throughput. These minuscule problematic transactions are referred to as a dust transactions.
Ethereum protocol powers the decentralized ecosystem
Converting plain text into unintelligible/seemingly meaningless data (ciphertext) using cryptography. Also: see Cryptography.
Ethereum network uses the ether cryptocurrency as its native token or blockchain coin.
The Ethereum token compliance standard.
Ethereum is a financial ecosystem that is decentralized and uses smart contracts and cryptocurrency to perform financial transactions in a world independent of banks and governments. It's completely a pioneering idea for blockchain transactions and has no precedent in human history.
Standard Fiat Currency
Government supported currency. E.g. USD ($)
The Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) is a government bureau that maintains a network whose goal is to prevent financial crimes like money laundering.
According to Wikipedia,
"In blockchain, a fork is defined variously as:
Forks are related to the fact that different parties need to use common rules to maintain the history of the blockchain. When parties are not in agreement, alternative chains may emerge. While most forks are short-lived some are permanent. Short-lived forks are due to the difficulty of reaching fast consensus in a distributed system. Whereas permanent forks (in the sense of protocol changes) have been used to add new features to a blockchain, they can also be used to reverse the effects of hacking such as the case with Ethereum and Ethereum Classic, or avert catastrophic bugs on a blockchain as was the case with the bitcoin fork on 6 August 2010."
For more, see Byzantium Fork
Common ETH (Ethereum) concepts
A measure of the transaction fees on Ethereum Blockchain transactiosn.
The initial block computed in a blockchain network or blockchain database for transaction data.
The unit in which gas prices or transaction fees in Ethereum are measured. This does not apply to the bitcoin network.
A New Form of Blockchain - Hashgraph
Physical computing devices to represent digital identity that can act as storage devices for cryptocurrency which can be connected to the Internet but can also store the cryptocurrency offline (cold wallet). This is the recommended method to store cryptocurrency - cold storage. However, those tokens cannot be used for blockchain applications unless connected to the Internet with knowledge of its corresponding private key.
A function that takes an arbitrary string as input and performs a set of operations on each character resulting in a normally unique string or hexadecimal value (base-16). When different data map to the same hash value (extremely unlikely) we have a hash collision. Blockchains are connected through recursive hashing functions.
A decentralized ledger that uses an Asynchronous Byzantine Fault Tolerant (ABFT) method to achieve consensus and is perhaps the DLT with the highest transaction throughput in the world. Like all versions of blockchain, the hashgraph solves the 'Byzantine Generals Problem', which is an allegory to execute consensus even when some of the participating actors may be unreliable. This frees the finance system's network users from having to rely on a central authority. It also requires much less computing power. We still require a public key and a private key, however.
A number represented in base-16. The symbols used for 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 are the letters A, B, C, D, E, and F respectively in either upper-case or lower-case. This notation is used to store blockchain addresses and hashes.
initial Coin Offering
Non-alterable storage of data. The immutable nature of blockchain transactions once finalized act as a security component of the blockchain which requires multiple digital signatures for verifying digital messages using both a public key and a private key.
An Initial Coin Offering (also called ICO) is when a new cryptocurrency is launched or paid for in fiat money. There have been so many ICO scams that the term itself draws attention from law enforcement agencies.
The distributed decentralized file system available anywhere we have unrestricted Internet access and is used for every discrete blockchain transaction in a blockchain ledger is referred to as the InterPlanetary File System.
Jargon
The technical terms used in blockhain or in cryptocurrency or in some other specialized field of activity. Examples of beginners blockchain terminology or crypto jargon are given in the image above.
Keystore
An encrypted private key stored in the form of data contained in JSON (JavaScript Object Notation).
A global public blockchain project Klaytn by the firm Kakao that brings user-friendly blockchain experience to anyone in the entire world.
Ability to convert into cash instantly
The availability of simple assets that are easily monetizable to a company or a market, usually through blockchian transactions using blockchain technology.
Bitcoin Mining Farm
The main blockchain, the principal industrial-use version of the blockchain network. Applications are always tried out on a test-blockchain (Testnet) before being deployed to a live blockchain in production. The live production blockchain networks is referred to as the mainnet.
The simplest mathematical definition from an unknown source , "the process of traversing a Merkle tree from a leaf to the root, hashing each level with the previous to produce a unique hash for the structure of the tree." It provides a merkle tree's hash is called the tree fingerprint because it is unique for every distinct merkle tree.
According to Wikipedia, "a hash tree or Merkle tree is a tree in which every "leaf" (node) is labelled with the cryptographic hash of a data block, and every node that is not a leaf (called a branch, inner node, or inode) is labelled with the cryptographic hash of the labels of its child nodes. A hash tree allows efficient and secure verification of the contents of a large data structure." A blockchain is usually represented by Merkle trees.
The recursive hash of all hashes in a Merkle tree representing a blockchain. Used to check data integrity, also referred to as the Merkle tree fingerprint.
MetaMask is a crypto wallet and a tool to access and interact with blockchains and the decentralized web.
A miner that uses a central processing unit and is normally used for operations that cannot be parallelized and are more general-purpose in nature.
A miner that uses a GPU (graphics processing unit) to perform block validation and production. GPU miners are usually used in parallel mining algorithms that require heavy computing power.
The process of adding new blocks to a blockchain by solving a cryptographic mathematical problem. The first miner to arrive at a solution globally is rewarded with a block reward. This is usually PoW (Proof-of-Work) which is expensive and redundant to the point of idiosyncrasy.
A collective group of miners who work together. Since the profit of a miner is directly proportional to its computational power, a large group of miners (a mining pool) working together as a single entity will mine much more bitcoin than if they had been working individually.
The truly anonymous blockchain cryptocurrency, where only sender and receiver can track their own identity. Usually used on the Dark Web for criminal payment transactions and money laundering. Although the blockchain address is known, this particular blockchain technology does not store the physical identity of its users. It merely stores a digital identity through a blockchain address.
NFTs
Neo is a smart contract platform with a huge number of active developers and users on its blockchain network for implementing smart contracts on the blockchain ledger or storing digital transactions.
A set of nodes interconnected by an infrastructure of arbitrary topology for communication and transactional purposes sometimes with a distributed file system for storing a data block.
NFT stands for a non-fungible token. They are simply digital items or assets assigned by a blockhain address to a single unique owner. While the item itself can be copied easily, the entry in the blockchain cannot be changed without permission and so assigns the digital asset to a single participatory entity. Their worth is controversial in its concept, but they have become a booming multi-million dollar industry.
An NFT Marketplace is a decentralized platform that allows transactions on NFTs by cryptocurrency users and also (often) fiat currency users.
From Binance.com: "The Binance NFT Marketplace brings together artists, creators, and crypto enthusiasts on a single platform to create and trade NFTs."
From Crypto.com: Crypto.com is an NFT marketplace to "buy, sell, and showcase NFTs from leading creators and brands."
From Opensea.com : "OpenSea is the world's first and largest NFT marketplace to discover, collect, and sell the rarest NFTs."
From their website, "NFTs are the first artistic medium that allow you to receive a cut of secondary market sales. On Nifty Gateway, whenever your work is bought and sold, you receive a percentage of the sales."
From foundation.app: "Foundation is a platform that aims to build a new creative economy—a world where creators can use the Ethereum blockchain to value their work in entirely new ways, and build stronger connections with their supporters."
From SuperRare.com, we have perhaps the reason why NFTs are becoming so popular, "Artists receive continuous royalties for all secondary sales on their artworks – forever."
From solanart.io: "Discover, collect and trade NFTs on Solana."
Decentraland is a virtual world with virtual assets. While critics note their virtuality ensures lack of utility, the company is doing extremely well selling every kind of NFT possible through their token Mana.
Nonce is the database id or the primary key of the distributed database. This acts as an identifier for a single block. It starts at one and is incremented by one for subsequent blocks on a, say, bitcoin protocol.
NFTs
Open-source software is software whose source code is accesssible to anyone for almost anything for free. Open source licenses vary in their specific details and options. Examples include the GNU Public Open Source Software License, the Apache v2.0 License, the MIT License and the Creative Commons License.
Asymmetric cryptography
P2P means decentralization through a peer-to-peer or user-to-user interaction protocols that can be encoded as software.
Polkadot is a multi-chain application environment which enables cross-chain computation.
Polygon is an elegant application platform that allows sidechains and Ethereum blockchain networks, that are extensible through sidechains.
A blockchain that requires permission to access and join (usually from a centralized authority).
A private key is a password-like string that allows users to access their crypto accounts.
A globally open blockchain with no centralized authority.
Cryptography involves both public and private keys, which, as the terms imply are public (known to everyone) and private (known only by a single user). The private key essentially acts as a password for a blockchain address.
Agreement between participating entities
Quorum is an Ethereum based DLT that supports transaction privacy.
Ripple Cryptocurrency
A blockchain-based cryptocurrency platform that connects banks to payment providers.
Smart Contracts
One hundred millionth of a single bitcoin.
A pseudonymous entity who created the Bitcoin cryptocurrency and the blockchain open source software. To this date, his/her real name remains unknown.
The ability of a system to operate normally independent of the number of current users concurrently active on the system.
Tokens that represent a fraction of a physical asset. Security tokens are expected to grow into a billion-dollar blockchain technology that allows for fractional ownership. Entire books have been written about security tokens, but this still remains the key underlying idea or concept. And many believe that security tokens are a very promising candidate for blockchain mainstream adoption.
The seed phrase, mnemonic, or Secret Recovery Phrase all refer to a set of ordered words which correspond to determined values which should be kept secret, is unique to each user, and the knowledge of which allows for complete control over the corresponding crypto account.
Sharding is a way to partition the entire blockchain data stored as a distributed database system into small constituent parts on single nodes, which greatly speeds up blockchain throughput.
A sidechain is what it sounds like, a separate branch of the Ethereum blockchain specially customized to meet the needs of the users. The usage and types can vary according to the blockchain technology scenario.
A Internet provider protocol that provides mesh-like wireless internet access and supports all blockchains removing the need for a traditional Internet Service Provider (ISP) to make crypto transactions.
According to Wikipedia, "A smart contract is a computer program-based protocol which is intended to automatically execute, control or document legally relevant events and actions according to the terms of a contract or an agreement. The objectives of smart contracts are the reduction of need in trusted intermediators, arbitrations and enforcement costs, fraud losses, as well as the reduction of malicious and accidental exceptions."
Solana is a programmable blockchain that allows for high transaction speeds and is a direct competitor to the Ethereum blockchain development technology.
Solidity is an object-oriented programming languages that has similarities to Java, C++, and Python and is used to code smart contracts on (usually) the Ethereum blockchain. They form a new set of basic rules regarding centralization for finance companies. With smart contracts, central intermediaries are no longer needed. The execution of the program ensures the veracity and verifiability of the contract.
Staking is a very common word in the crypto jargon that can mean multiple things in different platforms, but usually refers to a way to earn interest on a cryptocurrency by restricting all trading and holding the crypto within the system, similar to the interest of cash in a bank account.
Stellar is an open-source country-independent, cryptocurrency-independent and fiat currency-independent blockchain network. The unique feature of Stellar is that it enables all currencies and cryptocurrencies in the world to operate on a single network, on which any country in the world can participate. Stellar is an almost universal blockchain protocol or universal blockchain network since it can operate on any digital currency or fiat currency in the world between any two countries.
TEZOS
Before a dapp is deployed on a blockchain network's mainnet, it needs testing. Blockchain developers use the testnet for a staging blockchain environment. It is a stage of dapp development that ensures that the dapp runs without any errors on the mainnet. Of course, errors still occur, but enormously less than if it were released without testing on the testnet.
Tezos is an environmentally friendly blockchain network protocol and token that is from the beginning designed for changes in its on chain data stored protocols and its core features into an almost 'pluggable' set of mechanisms. There is a consortium for Tezos that oversees all change on the core distributed network. Because it's customizable and automatically verifiable through code, Tezos is a common use-case for security tokens. It is highly secure since its correctness can be computationally verified to be correct by the system's protocol.
A timestamp is a well-defined string of the exact date and time at which a transaction was created. A timestamp is a critical feature of a distributed database system, since it ensures the fair ordering of transaction execution and every token generation event. This is important for data integrity especially when it comes to a distributed system like a bitcoin transaction for storing data.
A token is a exchangeable and monetizable unit of value in a blockchain system that usually represents a total summary of resource ownership secured through a hash function.
TRON’s tagline is to “decentralize the web”. It is a well-known blockchain with support for smart contracts and a Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism that already has several leading dapps running on it. Its native token is called Tronix, or TRX. This blockchain platform has seen widespread utilization within the industry,
Any system that can perform universal computation similar to a programmable computer is said to be Turing-complete. A programmable computer is a specialization of the Turing Machine, a minimum requirement computational system whcih models all types of computation. An EVM (Ethereum Virtual Machine) is a Turing-complete computation system, despite being distributed and not limited to a single computer. The halting problem is a famous computation that cannot be solved by a Turing Machine and thus there exists a class of problems that cannot be solved by a standard computer alone. It is a common term used in the study of Theory of Computation.
Uniswap Interoperability Protocol
The Uniswap system is a P2P protocol for exchanging different ERC-20 compliant tokens and is thus used by a number of blockchain platforms as a means of cryptocurrency transfer. It is also the name of the company that designed this decentralized network protocol which allows cryptocurrency exchange to be automated by using smart contracts and also connects blockchain applications.
VeChain
See Proof-of-Stake. Validators are to Ethereum what miners are to Bitcoin. They deposit a certain number of tokens as a security deposit and are given the task of validating a transaction before adding it to the blockchain. The participating validator is given a transaction fee and thus can be rewarded for successfully performing the validation.
VeChain is a public blockchain that is used for enterprise systems of all possible sizes from SMBs to MNCs and industry leaders like Microsoft and Google in order to enhance supply chain management and business processes. The native token of the platform is commonly known as VeChain(VET).
An operating system running within another operating system utilizing a significant fraction of the host systems resources. Multiple VMs can run on one node. VMs can also be distributed in nature, a good example is the EVM.
A programming language used to code smart contracts which is very similar to the Serpent programming language. Vyper is compiled to eWASM (Ethereum WebAssembly) and thus can run on any Ethereum blockchain.
Crypto Wallets
A storage unit for cryptocurrency. It can be hot (online), cold (offline), and even completely contained in hardware, such as a Ledger Nano X hardware wallet.
A 'web' assembly binary instruction language that can be executed on most modern browsers. eWASM is a good example. It provides functionality that cannot be achieved using HTML, CSS and JavaScript and other traditional web-based technology alone.
Web3, or Web 3.0 is a infrastructure change from centralized to decentralized, real to virtual, fiat currency to cryptocurrency, blockchain based transactions, and user-owned data analytics. It is a paradigm shift into the Internet of the Future. Critics maintain that the Web 3.0 platform has nothing of objective or intrinsic value and is not backed by any sort of governing body, leading to a possible negative effect on humanity as people live lives in the virtual world and disconnect with the real world. This transition has definitely been accelerated by the coronavirus.
Whales are users who are so wealthy that their transactions can affect the price of the cryptocurrency they own due to the huge volumes in which they trade. Here we also have several associated terms, such as 'pump and dump', in which a crypto is bought in large amounts then completely sold off and converted to liquid fiat currency, resulting a a complete loss of money for traders. This scheme is also commonly known as the 'rug pull.'
White Label Crypto Exchanges are companies that build software used to create custom cryptocurrency exchanges and platforms. They enable everything that a normal cryptocurrency exchange can do and support most crypto facilities. Cryptocurrency exchange developers are the primary users of this platform. Blockchain is a very versatile resource and can be used for a huge number of use-cases, including crypto exchanges.
Xenon Cryptocurrency as a use-case
XEN is the token of the Xenon blockchain which allows musicians to sell their music directly to consumers, thus eliminating the need for intermediaries.
Yield-Gain-Guild
Yield-Gain-Guild Is A Play-To-Earn Gaming Guild. They are an integral part of the upcoming future in the Metaverse and allow players to 'earn' cryptocurrencies by performing in-game activities.
Zero Knowledge Proof Meme
The Zero Address is the address on the Ethereum network that is used in the first stage of coding and executing arbitrary smart contracts on the Ethereum network. They are to smart contracts what the genesis block is to blockchain.
A mathematical proof that can be completed and executed without any input information. Such a proof gives users ability to check whether certain entities possess certain resources without any other information about that entity. Used commonly in smart contracts.
hackers?
A 51% attack refers to an attack on a blockchain by a single malicious entity operating over 51% of the resources/nodes of the blockchain. This is still a matter of academic interest than an actual security threat and is commonly applied in the case of the Bitcoin cryptocurrency. Such an entity would have complete power over the blockchain and the associated coin/token and would be able to manipulate it at will.
We at Rejolut, have in-depth of knowledge of the blockchain technology and understand all the fundamental blockchain terminologies and their significance. Contact us if you are looking for the Blockchain Development Team to build a Blockchain project.